<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<table>
    <tbody>
    <tr>
        <td>
            <input type="checkbox">
        </td>
        <td>姓名</td>
        <td>性别</td>
        <td>年龄</td>
        <td>年级</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
            <input type="checkbox">
        </td>
        <td>张三</td>
        <td>男</td>
        <td>10</td>
        <td>五年级</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
            <input type="checkbox">
        </td>
        <td>李四</td>
        <td>男</td>
        <td>11</td>
        <td>六年级</td>
    </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function () {
        $("input[type=checkbox]").on("click",this,function () {
            if(this.checked){
                alert($(this).parent().parent().children().text());
                console.log($(this).parent().parent().children().text());
            }
        })
    })
</script>